China puts boosting consumption as an important aspect of invigorating the economy. Judging from the Special Action Plan for Boosting Consumption (《提振消费专项行动方案》) released on March 16th, many measures involve service consumption rather than merely material consumption.
The Plan, which was released by the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council, listed 30 measures as the following:
I. Actions to promote the increase of income of urban and rural residents
(1) Promote the reasonable growth of wage income. Implement employment support plans for key fields, key industries, urban and rural grassroots levels, and small, medium and micro enterprises. Continue to implement the policy of returning unemployment insurance funds for stabilizing jobs. In light of the changing situation, increase the intensity of employment support to promote the employment of key groups(“key groups” refers to college graduates, migrant workers, and veterans, totaling about 350 million). Focus on key fields and key groups to carry out special skill training activities, improve the diversified investment mechanism, and do a good job in the evaluation of vocational skill levels. Improve the adjustment mechanism for the minimum wage standard, and scientifically and reasonably raise the minimum wage standard. Increase the implementation intensity of the work-for-relief program in key engineering projects and the construction of small and medium-sized agricultural and rural infrastructure, and expand the scale of labor remuneration distribution.
(一)促进工资性收入合理增长。实施重点领域、重点行业、城乡基层和中小微企业就业支持计划。延续实施失业保险稳岗返还政策。结合形势变化加大就业支持力度,促进重点群体就业。聚焦重点领域、重点群体开展专项技能培训行动,健全多元化投入机制,做好职业技能等级评价工作。健全最低工资标准调整机制,科学合理提高最低工资标准。加大重点工程项目和中小型农业农村基础设施建设领域以工代赈实施力度,扩大劳务报酬发放规模。
(2) Broaden the channels for property income. Adopt multiple measures simultaneously to stabilize the stock market, strengthen the reserve of strategic forces and the construction of market-stabilizing mechanisms. Accelerate the removal of bottlenecks for medium- and long-term funds such as commercial insurance funds, the National Social Security Fund, the basic endowment insurance fund, and enterprise (occupational) annuity funds to enter the stock market. Strengthen the market value management of listed companies controlled by central state-owned enterprises and state-owned enterprises. Severely crack down on acts such as financial fraud in the capital market and illegal share reduction by shareholders of listed companies in accordance with the law. Further enrich the variety of bond-related products suitable for individual investors to invest in.
(二)拓宽财产性收入渠道。多措并举稳住股市,加强战略性力量储备和稳市机制建设,加快打通商业保险资金、全国社会保障基金、基本养老保险基金、企(职)业年金基金等中长期资金入市堵点,强化央企国企控股上市公司市值管理,依法严厉打击资本市场财务造假和上市公司股东违规减持等行为。进一步丰富适合个人投资者投资的债券相关产品品种。
(3) Adopt multiple measures simultaneously to boost farmers' income. Improve the income guarantee mechanism for farmers engaged in grain cultivation and the distribution mechanism for the added value of land. Explore ways to revitalize and utilize the legally-owned houses of rural households through means such as leasing, shareholding, and cooperation. Carry out the action of enhancing the capabilities and increasing the income of low-income rural populations. Continuously implement the cultivation plan for high-quality agricultural brands, and carry out the action of "green, organic, geographical indication, and compliant agricultural products" to promote the consumption of green, organic, renowned, special, excellent, new, and geographical indication agricultural products. Cultivate new types of agricultural business entities, develop courtyard economy, forest understory economy, and homestay economy according to local conditions. Implement the subsidy policy for the scrapping and renewal of agricultural machinery, and strengthen the connection between industries and farmers to drive farmers' income growth.
(三)多措并举促进农民增收。健全种粮农民收益保障机制和土地增值收益分配机制,探索通过出租、入股、合作等方式盘活利用农户合法拥有的住房。实施农村低收入人口提能增收行动,持续实施农业品牌精品培育计划,实施农产品“三品一标”行动,促进绿色、有机、名特优新和地理标志农产品消费。培育新型农业经营主体,因地制宜发展庭院经济、林下经济、民宿经济,落实农机报废更新补贴政策,强化产业联农带农。
(4) Earnestly address the issue of outstanding payments. Accelerate the implementation of the work to repay outstanding payments owed to enterprises, press local governments to fulfill their territorial responsibilities. For outstanding payments owed to enterprises, especially small, medium and micro enterprises, "pay promptly and pay all that is due." Strengthen audit supervision, enhance constraints on acts of bad faith, and improve the long-term mechanism for clearing outstanding payments.
(四)扎实解决拖欠账款问题。加快推进落实偿还拖欠企业账款工作,压实地方政府属地责任,对拖欠企业特别是中小微企业账款“应付快付、应付尽付”,加强审计监督,强化失信约束,健全清欠长效机制。
II. Actions for Guaranteeing and Supporting Consumption Capacity
(5) Strengthen the guarantee for childbirth and child-rearing. Study and establish a childcare subsidy system. Guide localities with the necessary conditions to include flexible employees, migrant workers, and individuals in new forms of employment who participate in the basic medical insurance for employees in the maternity insurance system. Carry out the annual action for pediatric services to increase the supply of pediatric services. During the peak seasons of children's seasonal diseases, increase the efforts to keep the pediatric outpatient (emergency) departments of general hospitals open at night.
(五)加大生育养育保障力度。研究建立育儿补贴制度。指导有条件的地方将参加职工基本医疗保险的灵活就业人员、农民工、新就业形态人员纳入生育保险。实施儿科服务年行动,加大儿科服务供给。在儿童季节性疾病高发期,加大综合医院夜间儿科门(急)诊开放力度。
(6) Strengthen educational support. Expand the supply of educational resources in cities and towns where there is a net inflow of school-age population. In 2025, raise the standards for financial assistance and subsidies for some students, expand the coverage of relevant policies, and continue to implement the policy of interest exemption and principal deferral for national student loans. Promote the close alignment of the discipline and major settings in institutions of higher learning with the innovation chain and industrial chain, and improve the degree of adaptation between talent cultivation and the needs of economic and social development.
(六)强化教育支撑。扩大学龄人口净流入城镇的教育资源供给。2025年提高部分学生资助补助标准,扩大政策覆盖面,延续实施国家助学贷款免息及本金延期偿还政策。推动高等学校学科专业设置紧密对接创新链、产业链,提高人才培养与经济社会发展需要的适配程度。
(7) Enhance the capacity for medical and elderly care. Improve the reasonable adjustment mechanism for basic endowment insurance benefits. In 2025, raise the standards for the basic endowment pensions of urban and rural residents and the financial subsidies for basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents, and appropriately increase the basic pensions for retirees. Comprehensively implement the individual pension system. Promote the removal of household registration restrictions for flexible employees to participate in basic endowment and medical insurance at their places of employment, and expand the pilot program for occupational injury protection.
(七)提高医疗养老保障能力。健全基本养老保险待遇合理调整机制,2025年提高城乡居民基础养老金和城乡居民基本医疗保险财政补助标准,适当提高退休人员基本养老金。全面实施个人养老金制度。推动取消灵活就业人员在就业地参加基本养老、医疗保险的户籍限制,扩大职业伤害保障试点。
(8) Ensure the basic living of key groups (here referes to seniors, disabled, unemployed and some other low-income people). Strengthen the dynamic monitoring of low-income populations and provide stratified and categorized assistance and support. Promote the improvement of the basic living assistance system, enhance the level of special assistance, and strengthen development-oriented assistance such as in terms of industries and employment. Strengthen the support for the care services of completely disabled elderly people. Encourage localities with the necessary conditions to, in light of the actual situation, distribute relief funds to people in need or additionally issue one-time living subsidies. Timely and fully distribute unemployment insurance benefits and other allowances to eligible unemployed individuals.
(八)保障重点群体基本生活。加强低收入人口动态监测和分层分类救助帮扶,推动健全基本生活救助制度,提高专项救助水平,强化产业就业等开发式帮扶。加强完全失能老年人照护服务支持。鼓励有条件的地方结合实际向困难群众发放救助金或增发一次性生活补贴。向符合条件的失业人员及时足额发放失业保险金等。
III. Actions for Improving the Quality of Service Consumption and Benefiting the People
(9) Optimize the service supply for the elderly and children. Promote the aging-friendly transformation of the whole society. Support local pilot explorations and comprehensively promote the installation of elevators in multi-story buildings and the development of meal assistance services for the elderly. Actively develop industries such as anti-aging and silver-haired tourism to unleash the potential of the silver-haired consumer market. Encourage the development of community-embedded childcare services, childcare services run by employers, and integrated childcare services for infants and young children. Support and regulate the development of elderly care and childcare services by social forces, and improve the pricing mechanism for elderly care services. Encourage localities with the necessary conditions to, in light of the actual situation, provide venue support, operation subsidies, etc. for inclusive childcare institutions.
(九)优化“一老一小”服务供给。推进全社会适老化改造,支持地方试点探索、整体推进多层建筑加装电梯和发展老年助餐服务。积极发展抗衰老、银发旅游等产业,释放银发消费市场潜力。鼓励发展社区嵌入式托育、用人单位办托和托幼一体服务。支持和规范社会力量发展养老托育服务,完善养老服务价格形成机制。鼓励有条件的地方结合实际对普惠托育机构给予场地支持和运营补助等。
(10) Promote the consumption of daily life services. Strengthen the construction of service supply capacity, and support the innovation of service consumption scenarios, the integration of business forms, and industrial agglomeration. Improve the quality of catering services and support localities in developing characteristic catering. Increase the intensity of housekeeping service training, encourage more institutions of higher learning and vocational schools to offer majors related to housekeeping, organize and implement the special training project for improving the quality and expanding the scale of women's housekeeping services, and improve the standardization system and credit system of the housekeeping industry. In combination with the construction of the 15-minute convenient living circle in cities and the embedded service facilities in urban communities, accelerate the completion of community service outlets for shopping, catering, housekeeping, maintenance, etc.
(十)促进生活服务消费。加强服务供给能力建设,支持服务消费场景创新、业态融合、产业集聚。提升餐饮服务品质,支持地方发展特色餐饮。加大家政服务培训力度,鼓励更多高等学校、职业学校开设家政相关专业,组织实施巾帼家政提质扩容专项培训工程,完善家政行业标准规范体系和信用体系。结合城市一刻钟便民生活圈和城市社区嵌入式服务设施建设,加快配齐购物、餐饮、家政、维修等社区居民服务网点。
(11) Expand consumption of culture, sports and tourism. Deepen the integration of consumption in multiple business forms such as online and offline, commerce, tourism, culture, sports and fitness, and innovate diversified consumption scenarios. Support tourist scenic spots and cultural and museum institutions to expand service items, reasonably extend business hours, and increase the reception capacity. Support localities in increasing the supply of high-quality sports events and characteristic sports competitions. Optimize the approval process for commercial performances, sports events and various large-scale mass activities, safely and controllably increase the number of available (issued) tickets, strictly implement the content review responsibility system of the first performance place for touring performance projects, and implement the policy of "one approval for national touring performances".
(十一)扩大文体旅游消费。深化线上线下、商旅文体健多业态消费融合,创新多元化消费场景。支持旅游景区景点、文博单位拓展服务项目,合理延长经营时间,扩大接待规模。支持各地增加优质运动项目和特色体育赛事供给。优化营业性演出、体育赛事和各类大型群众性活动审批流程,安全可控提高可售(发)票数量,严格落实巡演项目首演地内容审核负责制,推行“一次审批、全国巡演”。
(12) Promote ice and snow related consumption. Launch and implement the ice and snow tourism improvement plan, organize and carry out consumption promotion activities such as the ice and snow consumption season, build a number of high-quality ice and snow-themed tourist scenic spots and resorts, and support regions rich in ice and snow resources to build world-renowned high-quality ice and snow tourism destinations. Encourage localities to enrich the supply of ice and snow venues and consumption products according to time and local conditions.
(十二)推动冰雪消费。启动实施冰雪旅游提升计划,组织开展冰雪消费季等促消费活动,建设一批冰雪主题高品质旅游景区、度假区,支持冰雪资源富集地区建设全球知名冰雪旅游高质量目的地。鼓励各地因时因地丰富冰雪场地和消费产品供给。
(13) Develop inbound consumption. Expand the scope of countries with unilateral visa exemption in an orderly manner, and optimize and improve the regional inbound visa exemption policy. Launch more high-quality inbound tourism routes and services, improve the convenience level of overseas tourists' travel in China, and cultivate international markets for medical treatment, exhibitions, etc. Deepen the cultivation and construction of international consumption center cities. Support the opening of duty-free shops at ports in cities that meet the conditions. Support more high-quality merchants to become tax-refund shops for departing tourists, and promote the service measure of "tax refund upon purchase" for shopping before leaving the country.
(十三)发展入境消费。有序扩大单方面免签国家范围,优化完善区域性入境免签政策。推出更多优质入境旅游线路和服务,提高境外旅客在华旅游便利化水平,培育面向国际的医疗、会展等市场。深化国际消费中心城市培育建设。支持在具备条件的城市口岸开设免税店。支持更多优质商户成为离境退税商店,推广购物离境退税“即买即退”服务措施。
(14) Steadily promote the expansion of opening up in the service industry. Expand the pilot projects of opening up in the fields of telecommunications, medical care, education, etc. Focus on the upgrading needs of residents' consumption, and promote the import of high-quality life services such as medical and health care, culture and entertainment. Promote the inclusion of service consumption items such as camping, homestays, property services, and "Internet + medical care" in the catalog of industries encouraging foreign investment.
(十四)稳步推进服务业扩大开放。扩大电信、医疗、教育等领域开放试点。聚焦居民消费升级需求,推动医疗健康、文化娱乐等优质生活性服务进口。推动将露营、民宿、物业服务、“互联网+医疗”等服务消费条目纳入鼓励外商投资产业目录。
IV. Actions for the Renewal and Upgrade of Durable Consumer Goods Consumption
(15) Increase support for trade-in of consumer goods. Make good use of the funds from ultra-long-term special treasury bonds, support localities to increase efforts and expand the scope of implementing the trade-in of consumer goods, promote the green and intelligent upgrading of durable consumer goods such as automobiles, home appliances, and home decoration, support the trade-in of qualified and safe electric bicycles, and implement purchase subsidies for three types of digital products including mobile phones, tablets, and smart watches (bands). Promote the pilot construction of the circulation of second-hand goods, cultivate diversified second-hand goods circulation entities, and innovate the circulation mode of second-hand goods.
(十五)加大消费品以旧换新支持力度。用好超长期特别国债资金,支持地方加力扩围实施消费品以旧换新,推动汽车、家电、家装等大宗耐用消费品绿色化、智能化升级,支持换购合格安全的电动自行车,实施手机、平板、智能手表(手环)3类数码产品购新补贴。推动二手商品流通试点建设,培育多元化二手商品流通主体,创新二手商品流通方式。
(16) Better meet the housing consumption demand. Continuously promote the stabilization of the real estate market and reverse the decline, increase efforts to implement the renovation of urban villages and dilapidated houses, and fully release the potential of rigid and improved housing demand. Allow special bonds to support city governments in purchasing existing commercial housing for use as affordable housing. Implement relevant tax policies to promote the stable and healthy development of the real estate market. Appropriately reduce the housing provident fund loan interest rate in a timely manner. Expand the scope of use of the housing provident fund, support depositors to apply for individual housing loans of the housing provident fund while withdrawing the provident fund to pay the down payment for purchasing a house, increase support for the withdrawal of the provident fund for rent, and promote the pilot work of depositing the provident fund by flexible-time employees.
(十六)更好满足住房消费需求。持续用力推动房地产市场止跌回稳,加力实施城中村和危旧房改造,充分释放刚性和改善性住房需求潜力。允许专项债券支持城市政府收购存量商品房用作保障性住房。落实促进房地产市场平稳健康发展有关税收政策。适时降低住房公积金贷款利率。扩大住房公积金使用范围,支持缴存人在提取公积金支付购房首付款的同时申请住房公积金个人住房贷款,加大租房提取支持力度,推进灵活就业人员缴存试点工作。
(17) Extend the automotive consumption chain. Carry out pilot projects for the reform of automotive circulation consumption, and expand the consumption in the automotive after-sales market such as automotive modification, leasing, competitions, and RV camping. Cultivate and strengthen second-hand car business entities, and continuously implement convenient measures such as "reverse invoicing" for second-hand car sales and cross-regional transaction registration. Strengthen information sharing in the automotive field, support the development of third-party second-hand car information inquiry platforms, and promote the reassuring and convenient transaction of second-hand cars.
(十七)延伸汽车消费链条。开展汽车流通消费改革试点,拓展汽车改装、租赁、赛事及房车露营等汽车后市场消费。培育壮大二手车经营主体,持续落实二手车销售“反向开票”、异地交易登记等便利化措施。加强汽车领域信息共享,支持第三方二手车信息查询平台发展,促进二手车放心便利交易。
V. Actions for Improving the Quality of Consumption
(18) Strengthen the leadership of consumption brands. Focus on the service fields such as commerce and trade, logistics, culture and tourism, formulate policies for improving service quality by category, and create more Chinese service brands. Integrate excellent traditional Chinese culture into product design, support the development of original intellectual property (IP) brands, promote the consumption of animation, games, e-sports and their peripheral derivatives, and open up incremental domestic and foreign markets for "trendy" domestic products. Promote the first-launch economy according to local conditions, and encourage high-quality domestic and foreign commodity and service brands to open first stores and hold first launches, shows and exhibitions. Support the promotion of new business forms and models of consumption. Organize and carry out a series of activities of "Shopping in China" to create a phalanx of famous Chinese consumer products.
(十八)强化消费品牌引领。聚焦商贸、物流、文旅等服务领域,分类制定提升服务品质政策,打造更多中国服务品牌。将中华优秀传统文化融入产品设计,支持开发原创知识产权(IP)品牌,促进动漫、游戏、电竞及其周边衍生品等消费,开拓国货“潮品”国内外增量市场。因地制宜推进首发经济,鼓励国内外优质商品和服务品牌开设首店、举办首发首秀首展。支持推广消费新业态新模式。组织开展“购在中国”系列活动,打造中国消费名品方阵。
(19) Support the accelerated development of new forms of consumption. Deeply implement the digital consumption improvement action, and vigorously cultivate high-quality e-commerce. Carry out the "Artificial Intelligence +" action, promote "Artificial Intelligence + Consumption", accelerate the development, application and promotion of new technologies and products such as autonomous driving, smart wearables, ultra-high-definition video, brain-computer interfaces, robots, and additive manufacturing, and open up new high-growth consumption tracks. Carry out special actions for healthy consumption. Accelerate the improvement of the regulatory system for the low-altitude economy, and orderly develop low-altitude consumption such as low-altitude tourism, aviation sports, and consumer-grade drones. Continuously enrich cruise routes and tourism products, and promote the convenience of yacht registration and reporting.
(十九)支持新型消费加快发展。深入实施数字消费提升行动,大力培育品质电商。开展“人工智能+”行动,促进“人工智能+消费”,加速推动自动驾驶、智能穿戴、超高清视频、脑机接口、机器人、增材制造等新技术新产品开发与应用推广,开辟高成长性消费新赛道。开展健康消费专项行动。加快完善低空经济监管体系,有序发展低空旅游、航空运动、消费级无人机等低空消费。不断丰富邮轮航线和旅游产品,推进游艇登记注册和报备便利化。
(20) Improve the level of integration of domestic and foreign trade. Promote the connection and integration of systems such as standards and certifications for domestic and foreign trade. Support foreign trade products to expand into the domestic market, carry out the activity of "High-quality Foreign Trade Products Touring China", and guide foreign trade OEM enterprises to accelerate the cultivation of their own brands. Implement the policy of domestic trade credit insurance supporting the integration of domestic and foreign trade.
(二十)提高内外贸一体化水平。促进内外贸标准认证等制度衔接融合。支持外贸产品拓内销,开展外贸优品中华行活动,引导外贸代工企业加快培育自主品牌。落实国内贸易信用保险支持内外贸一体化政策。
VI. Actions for Improving and Upgrading the Consumption Environment
(21) Protect the rights and interests of rest and leave. Strictly implement the system of paid annual leave, and take the implementation of paid annual leave as an important part of trade unions' protection of employees' rights and interests. Encourage the combination of paid annual leave and small holidays for continuous leave, and achieve flexible off-peak holidays. Protect the rights and interests of workers' rest and leave in accordance with the law, and do not illegally extend workers' working hours. Encourage localities with the necessary conditions to explore the setting of spring and autumn vacations for primary and secondary schools according to the actual situation.
(二十一)保障休息休假权益。严格落实带薪年休假制度,将带薪年休假执行情况作为工会维护职工权益的重要内容。鼓励带薪年休假与小长假连休,实现弹性错峰休假。依法保障劳动者休息休假权益,不得违法延长劳动者工作时间。鼓励有条件的地方结合实际探索设置中小学春秋假。
(22) Create a reassuring consumption environment. Implement the three-year action plan for optimizing the consumption environment, and further improve the systems such as quality standards, credit constraints, comprehensive governance, and consumer rights protection.
(二十二)营造放心消费环境。实施优化消费环境三年行动,进一步完善质量标准、信用约束、综合治理、消费维权等制度。
(23) Improve urban and rural consumption facilities. Deeply implement the county-level commercial construction action and the renovation and upgrading of "thousands of markets and tens of thousands of stores", and strengthen the construction of county-level logistics distribution centers and rural terminal logistics distribution facilities.
(二十三)完善城乡消费设施。深入实施县域商业建设行动和“千集万店”改造提升,加强县级物流配送中心和乡村终端物流配送设施建设。
VII. Actions for Cleaning up and Optimizing Restrictive Measures
(24) Reduce consumption restrictions in an orderly manner. All regions and relevant departments should, in light of the actual situation, promptly clean up the unreasonable restrictions on consumption.
(二十四)有序减少消费限制。各地区各有关部门要结合实际,及时清理对消费的不合理限制.
(25) Continuously optimize the business environment. Improve the management mode of the negative list for market access, focus on fields such as environmental protection, hygiene, security, quality inspection, and fire protection, deeply clean up and rectify various market access barriers, and create a stable, fair, transparent and predictable market environment.
(二十五)持续优化营商环境。完善市场准入负面清单管理模式,以环保、卫生、安保、质检、消防等领域为重点,深入清理整治各类市场准入壁垒,营造稳定公平透明可预期的市场环境。
VIII. Improve Supportive Policies
(26) Strengthen the coordinated linkage of consumption promotion policies. Reform and improve the institutional mechanism for promoting consumption, improve and make good use of the assessment working mechanism for the consistency of macro policy orientations, strengthen the coordination between policies such as fiscal, taxation, financial, industrial, and investment policies and consumption policies, promote the joint efforts in the same direction and form a joint force, and build a policy system that is more conducive to promoting consumption.
(二十六)加强促消费政策协同联动。改革完善促进消费体制机制,健全和用好宏观政策取向一致性评估工作机制,加强财税、金融、产业、投资等政策与消费政策的协同,促进同向发力、形成合力,构建更加有利于促消费的政策体系。
(27) Strengthen the supporting role of investment in consumption. Better coordinate investment and consumption, expand effective investment in consumption infrastructure, the improvement of consumption service functions, and new business forms and models of consumption, and promote a virtuous cycle of improving investment efficiency and expanding and upgrading consumption.
(二十七)强化投资对消费的支撑作用。更好统筹投资和消费,扩大消费基础设施、消费服务功能提升类、消费新业态新模式的有效投资,推动实现投资效益提高和消费扩容升级的良性互促。
(28) Give play to the guiding and driving role of fiscal policies. Use policy tools such as financial subsidies and loan interest subsidies, highlight key points, and implement policies precisely. Combine consumption promotion with benefiting people's livelihood and making up for shortcomings, expand consumption demand, improve consumption capacity, and better play the positive role of consumption in smoothing the national economic cycle and driving economic growth.
(二十八)发挥财政政策引导带动作用。运用财政补贴、贷款贴息等政策工具,突出重点、精准施策,将促消费同惠民生、补短板结合起来,扩大消费需求,提升消费能力,更好发挥消费在畅通国民经济循环、拉动经济增长中的积极作用。
(29) Strengthen credit support. Encourage financial institutions to increase the investment in personal consumption loans under the premise of controllable risks, and reasonably set the amount, term and interest rate of consumption loans. Support financial institutions to optimize the repayment methods of personal consumption loans in accordance with the principles of marketization and the rule of law, and carry out loan renewal work in an orderly manner. In 2025, provide financial interest subsidies for eligible personal consumption loans and loans to business entities in the service industry in the consumption field.
(二十九)强化信贷支持。鼓励金融机构在风险可控前提下加大个人消费贷款投放力度,合理设置消费贷款额度、期限、利率。支持金融机构按照市场化法治化原则优化个人消费贷款偿还方式,有序开展续贷工作。2025年对符合条件的个人消费贷款和消费领域的服务业经营主体贷款给予财政贴息。
(30) Improve supporting guarantee measures for consumption. Encourage unions at all levels to use their funds for consumption fields such as holiday gifts, employees' fitness, and culture and sports. Increase efforts to implement consumption promotion, and strengthen the accurate connection between production and sales. Explore the launch of lottery invoice activities. Improve the statistical monitoring of service consumption and new business forms and models of consumption, strengthen the statistics of the online retail sales of physical goods by buyers in different regions, and improve the consumption statistical system.
(三十)完善消费配套保障措施。鼓励各级工会将经费用于节日慰问品、职工健身、文化体育等消费领域。加力实施消费帮扶,加强产销精准对接。探索开展有奖发票活动。健全服务消费、消费新业态新模式统计监测,加强买方分地区实物商品网上零售额统计,完善全口径消费统计制度。
It is obvious that the cosumption promotion actions include all kinds of services, such as eductions, senior care, child care, and investment, finance, industries, etc. almost all aspects of life. It is almost a plan of economic development.
The web link of the plan is here: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/202503/content_7013808.htm
Thank you for providing us with the details of the Special Action Plan for Boosting Consumption. A few elements of the plan may succeed, but overall it will fail. I will tell a story to explain why.
An economy is like a jigsaw puzzle. It is made of millions of pieces that must fit together properly to function well. If you force one piece into a space where it does not belong, it will make the whole puzzle become unsolvable.
My father enjoyed jigsaw puzzles. A few years ago, I gave him a puzzle with 2,000 pieces in it, which was double the usual puzzle of 1,000 pieces. He later told me that he never tried to put that one together. He said it was too complicated, and he did not want to start it because it would take more than twice the time as the ones with fewer pieces. So, I switched back to giving him the 1,000-piece puzzles.
When I saw the Special Action Plan for Boosting Consumption, I noticed there are 30 big pieces, and each of those pieces is made up of many smaller pieces. That means it is like the 2,000-piece puzzle or perhaps even a 5,000-piece puzzle. In the case of the economy, the situation is even worse because each "piece" is also made of 100s of smaller pieces. With a system so complicated, the human mind is overwhelmed by the complexity. We lose the ability to understand the system as a whole, and we become lost in endless details. It might seem that this problem can be solved by hiring 100,000 people to work on the giant "puzzle" of the national economy, but that would be like hiring 100 cooks to work in the same kitchen. They will get in each other's way.
No solution is perfect. What is needed is a balance between general principle and precise detail. It takes both theory and practice to work out that balance. I am not going to try to make a case for a particular approach. I would merely note that this issue has repeatedly arisen in China's history, starting with Discourses on Salt and Iron (Chinese: 鹽鐵論; pinyin: Yán Tiě Lùn). A similar debate arose during the Qing Dynasty in the 18th century about the merits and problems of a state granary that was intended to stabilize food prices during famines. There is much to be learned from past debates about issues that are again significant.