BREAKING: China releases comprehensive policy document on green transformation

Hi, everyone, 

On August 11, the Chinese government released the Opinions on Accelerating the Comprehensive Green Transformation of Economic and Social Development. (《关于加快经济社会发展全面绿色转型的意见》) According to Xinhua report, this is the first time at the central government level that a systematic deployment has been made to accelerate the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development.

The Opinion seems covering all related aspects. So it is like a blueprint of China’s green transformation in the next 6 years to 2030, or even for longer time. I highlight some key points in the following translation of the document. Your comments and questions are welcome.

Full text of the Opinion:

To promote the greening and low-carbonization of economic and social development is an important symbol of the new concepts and new practices of the Party in governing the country in the new era, a key link to achieving high-quality development, a fundamental strategy to solve the problems of resources, environment and ecology in our country, and an inherent requirement for building a modernization of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature. In order to accelerate the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, the following opinions are now put forward.

推动经济社会发展绿色化、低碳化，是新时代党治国理政新理念新实践的重要标志，是实现高质量发展的关键环节，是解决我国资源环境生态问题的基础之策，是建设人与自然和谐共生现代化的内在要求。为加快经济社会发展全面绿色转型，现提出如下意见。

I. General Requirements (总体要求)

We shall adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th CPC National Congress and the second and third plenary sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee, comprehensively implement Xi Jinping's economic thought and Xi Jinping's ecological civilization thought, and fully, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concepts. We shall accelerate the building of a new development pattern, unswervingly follow the path of giving priority to ecological protection, being intensive and economical and green and low-carbon for high-quality development. Guided by the work of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, we will synergistically promote carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion and growth, deepen the reform of the ecological civilization system, improve the green and low-carbon development mechanism, accelerate the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, form a spatial pattern, industrial structure, production mode and lifestyle of conserving resources and protecting the environment, comprehensively promote the building of a Beautiful China, and accelerate the modernization of the harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature.

坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，深入贯彻党的二十大和二十届二中、三中全会精神，全面贯彻习近平经济思想、习近平生态文明思想，完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念，加快构建新发展格局，坚定不移走生态优先、节约集约、绿色低碳高质量发展道路，以碳达峰碳中和工作为引领，协同推进降碳、减污、扩绿、增长，深化生态文明体制改革，健全绿色低碳发展机制，加快经济社会发展全面绿色转型，形成节约资源和保护环境的空间格局、产业结构、生产方式、生活方式，全面推进美丽中国建设，加快推进人与自然和谐共生的现代化。

In the work, the following should be achieved:

Adhere to comprehensive transformation. Firmly establish the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, integrate the requirements of green transformation into the overall situation of economic and social development, and promote green transformation in all aspects, in all fields and in all regions to build a community of life for humanity and nature.

坚持全面转型。牢固树立绿水青山就是金山银山的理念，将绿色转型的要求融入经济社会发展全局，全方位、全领域、全地域推进绿色转型，构建人与自然生命共同体。

Adhere to collaborative transformation. Fully consider the development reality of different regions and different industries, adhere to the combination of overall promotion and key breakthroughs, scientifically set the timetable, roadmap and construction drawing of green transformation, and encourage the regions and industries with conditions to explore first.

坚持协同转型。充分考虑不同地区、不同行业的发展实际，坚持统筹推进与重点突破相结合，科学设定绿色转型的时间表、路线图、施工图，鼓励有条件的地区和行业先行探索。

Adhere to innovative transformation. Strengthen the scientific and technological innovation, policy and institutional innovation and business model innovation that support green transformation, promote the green and low-carbon scientific and technological revolution, develop new productivity in accordance with local conditions, and improve the ecological civilization institutional system to provide stronger innovation impetus and institutional guarantee for green transformation.

坚持创新转型。强化支撑绿色转型的科技创新、政策制度创新、商业模式创新，推进绿色低碳科技革命，因地制宜发展新质生产力，完善生态文明制度体系，为绿色转型提供更强创新动能和制度保障。

Adhere to safe transformation. Coordinate and handle the relationships between development and emission reduction, the whole and the part, the current and the long-term, the government and the market, properly prevent and resolve the internal and external risk challenges faced by green transformation, and effectively guarantee the security of food and energy, and the security of industrial and supply chains, and better guarantee the production and life of the people.

坚持安全转型。统筹处理好发展和减排、整体和局部、当前和长远、政府和市场的关系，妥善防范化解绿色转型面临的内外部风险挑战，切实保障粮食能源安全、产业链供应链安全，更好保障人民群众生产生活。

The main goals are: By 2030, positive progress will have been made in the green transformation of key fields, the green production mode and lifestyle will have basically taken shape, the synergy capacity of pollution reduction and carbon reduction will be significantly enhanced, the efficiency of the main resource utilization will be further improved, the policy and standard system supporting green development will be more improved, and remarkable results will have been achieved in the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development. By 2035, the economic system of green, low-carbon and circular development will be basically established, the green production mode and lifestyle will be widely formed, remarkable progress will have been made in the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, the main resource utilization efficiency will reach the international advanced level, economic and social development will have fully entered the green and low-carbon track, carbon emissions will have steadily decreased after peaking, and the goal of a Beautiful China will have been basically achieved.

主要目标是：到2030年，重点领域绿色转型取得积极进展，绿色生产方式和生活方式基本形成，减污降碳协同能力显著增强，主要资源利用效率进一步提升，支持绿色发展的政策和标准体系更加完善，经济社会发展全面绿色转型取得显著成效。到2035年，绿色低碳循环发展经济体系基本建立，绿色生产方式和生活方式广泛形成，减污降碳协同增效取得显著进展，主要资源利用效率达到国际先进水平，经济社会发展全面进入绿色低碳轨道，碳排放达峰后稳中有降，美丽中国目标基本实现。

II. Building a Spatial Pattern of Green, Low-Carbon and High-Quality Development (构建绿色低碳高质量发展空间格局)

（1）Optimizing the pattern of territorial space development and protection. Improve the unified national territorial space planning system with clear rights and responsibilities, scientific and efficient, and strictly observe the three control lines of cultivated land and permanent basic farmland, ecological protection red line and urban development boundary, and optimize the layout of various spaces. Improve the institutional system of the main functional zones, promote the comprehensive layout of the main functional zones, refine the division of the main functional zones, and improve the differentiated policies. Accelerate the building of a system of nature reserves with national parks as the main body, nature reserves as the basis and various nature parks as supplements. Strengthen the zoning control of the ecological environment. Improve the marine resources development and protection system, systematically plan the marine development and utilization, and promote the coordinated and sustainable development of land and sea.

优化国土空间开发保护格局。健全全国统一、责权清晰、科学高效的国土空间规划体系，严守耕地和永久基本农田、生态保护红线、城镇开发边界三条控制线，优化各类空间布局。健全主体功能区制度体系，推进主体功能综合布局，细化主体功能区划分，完善差异化政策。加快建设以国家公园为主体、自然保护区为基础、各类自然公园为补充的自然保护地体系。加强生态环境分区管控。健全海洋资源开发保护制度，系统谋划海洋开发利用，推进陆海协同可持续发展。

(2) Building green development highlands. Strengthen regional green development cooperation, promote coordinated development and collaborative transformation as a whole, and build growth poles and power sources for green, low-carbon and high-quality development. Promote the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, improve the collaborative protection mechanism of the ecological environment, and support Xiong'an New Area to be built into a model of green development city. Continuously promote the joint protection of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and explore new paths of giving priority to ecological protection and green development. Deepen the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, and build a world-class green and low-carbon industrial cluster. Promote the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port, the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Build a pilot zone for a Beautiful China. Continuously increase support for the green transformation of resource-based regions and old revolutionary base areas, and cultivate and develop green and low-carbon industries.

打造绿色发展高地。加强区域绿色发展协作，统筹推进协调发展和协同转型，打造绿色低碳高质量发展的增长极和动力源。推进京津冀协同发展，完善生态环境协同保护机制，支持雄安新区建设成为绿色发展城市典范。持续推进长江经济带共抓大保护，探索生态优先、绿色发展新路径。深入推进粤港澳大湾区建设和长三角一体化发展，打造世界级绿色低碳产业集群。推动海南自由贸易港建设、黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展。建设美丽中国先行区。持续加大对资源型地区和革命老区绿色转型的支持力度，培育发展绿色低碳产业。

III. Accelerating the Green and Low-Carbon Transformation of the Industrial Structure (加快产业结构绿色低碳转型)

(3) Promoting the green and low-carbon transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. Vigorously promote the green and low-carbon transformation of industries such as iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, petrochemicals, chemicals, building materials, paper making and printing and dyeing, popularize energy-saving, low-carbon and clean production technical equipment, and promote the upgrading of technological processes. Optimize the production capacity scale and layout, continuously update the binding standards such as land, environment, energy efficiency, water efficiency and carbon emissions, lead the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries with national standards, and establish and improve the production capacity exit mechanism. Reasonably raise the access threshold of resources and environment for new construction, reconstruction and expansion projects, and resolutely curb the blind launch of high energy-consuming, high-emission and low-level projects.

推动传统产业绿色低碳改造升级。大力推动钢铁、有色、石化、化工、建材、造纸、印染等行业绿色低碳转型，推广节能低碳和清洁生产技术装备，推进工艺流程更新升级。优化产能规模和布局，持续更新土地、环境、能效、水效和碳排放等约束性标准，以国家标准提升引领传统产业优化升级，建立健全产能退出机制。合理提高新建、改扩建项目资源环境准入门槛，坚决遏制高耗能、高排放、低水平项目盲目上马。

(4) Vigorously developing green and low-carbon industries. Accelerate the development of strategic emerging industries, build a green manufacturing system and service system, and continuously increase the proportion of green and low-carbon industries in the total economic volume. Accelerate the cultivation of competitive green and low-carbon enterprises, and build a number of leading enterprises and specialized, refined, special and new small and medium-sized enterprises. Vigorously promote models such as energy management contracting, water-saving management contracting and third-party governance of environmental pollution and the environmental trusteeship service oriented by environmental governance effects. Promote the high-quality development of the cultural industry and promote the in-depth integrated development of culture and tourism. Actively encourage the accelerated development of new industries, new forms of business and new business models oriented by green and low-carbon. By 2030, the scale of energy conservation and environmental protection industry will reach about 15 trillion yuan.

大力发展绿色低碳产业。加快发展战略性新兴产业，建设绿色制造体系和服务体系，不断提升绿色低碳产业在经济总量中的比重。加快培育有竞争力的绿色低碳企业，打造一批领军企业和专精特新中小企业。大力推广合同能源管理、合同节水管理、环境污染第三方治理等模式和以环境治理效果为导向的环境托管服务。推动文化产业高质量发展，促进文化和旅游深度融合发展。积极鼓励绿色低碳导向的新产业、新业态、新商业模式加快发展。到2030年，节能环保产业规模达到15万亿元左右。

(5) Accelerating the coordinated transformation and development of digitalization and greening. Promote the deep integration of industrial digitalization, intelligence and greening, deepen the application of artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing and industrial Internet in the fields of power system, industrial and agricultural production, transportation, building construction and operation, and realize the enabling of digital technology for green transformation. Promote all kinds of users to "go to the cloud, use data and endow with intelligence", support enterprises to use digital intelligence technology and green technology to transform and upgrade traditional industries. Promote the construction of green and low-carbon digital infrastructure, promote the energy conservation, carbon reduction and transformation of existing facilities, and gradually phase out the "old, small and scattered" facilities. Guide digital technology enterprises to develop in a green and low-carbon way and help upstream and downstream enterprises to improve carbon reduction capacity. Explore the establishment of an efficient monitoring, active early warning, scientific analysis and intelligent decision-making system for environmental pollution and meteorological disasters. Promote the construction of 3D real scene China and the enabling application of spatiotemporal information.

加快数字化绿色化协同转型发展。推进产业数字化智能化同绿色化的深度融合，深化人工智能、大数据、云计算、工业互联网等在电力系统、工农业生产、交通运输、建筑建设运行等领域的应用，实现数字技术赋能绿色转型。推动各类用户“上云、用数、赋智”，支持企业用数智技术、绿色技术改造提升传统产业。推动绿色低碳数字基础设施建设，推进既有设施节能降碳改造，逐步淘汰“老旧小散”设施。引导数字科技企业绿色低碳发展，助力上下游企业提高减碳能力。探索建立环境污染和气象灾害高效监测、主动预警、科学分析、智能决策系统。推进实景三维中国建设与时空信息赋能应用。

IV. Steadily Promoting the Green and Low-Carbon Transformation of Energy (稳妥推进能源绿色低碳转型)

(6) Strengthening the clean and efficient utilization of fossil energy. Strengthen the construction of the energy production, supply, storage and marketing system, adhere to the principle of building new ones before dismantling old ones, promote the safe, reliable and orderly substitution of non-fossil energy for fossil energy, continuously optimize the energy structure, and accelerate the planning and construction of a new energy system. Resolutely control fossil energy consumption, deeply promote the clean and efficient utilization of coal, strictly and reasonably control the growth of coal consumption during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, and gradually reduce it in the next five years. On the premise of ensuring the safe supply of energy, the total coal consumption control will continue to be implemented in key regions, and the substitution of bulk coal will be actively and orderly promoted. Accelerate the "three transformations linkage" of energy conservation, carbon reduction and flexibility transformation and heating transformation of in-service coal-fired power generating units, reasonably plan and build the regulatory and supporting coal power necessary to ensure the safety of the power system. Intensify the exploration, development and production increase of oil and gas resources, and accelerate the integrated development of oil and gas exploration and development and new energy. Promote the construction of carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage projects.

加强化石能源清洁高效利用。加强能源产供储销体系建设，坚持先立后破，推进非化石能源安全可靠有序替代化石能源，持续优化能源结构，加快规划建设新型能源体系。坚决控制化石能源消费，深入推动煤炭清洁高效利用，“十四五”时期严格合理控制煤炭消费增长，接下来5年逐步减少，在保障能源安全供应的前提下，重点区域继续实施煤炭消费总量控制，积极有序推进散煤替代。加快现役煤电机组节能降碳改造、灵活性改造、供热改造“三改联动”，合理规划建设保障电力系统安全所必需的调节性、支撑性煤电。加大油气资源勘探开发和增储上产力度，加快油气勘探开发与新能源融合发展。推进二氧化碳捕集利用与封存项目建设。

(I will explain this in the next newsletter that why fossil energy is included into the greener development plan.)

(7) Vigorously developing non-fossil energy. Accelerate the construction of clean energy bases such as wind power and photovoltaic in the northwest, hydropower in the southwest, offshore wind power and coastal nuclear power, actively develop distributed photovoltaic and decentralized wind power, develop new energy sources such as biomass energy, geothermal energy and ocean energy in accordance with local conditions, and promote the whole-chain development of hydrogen energy in "production - storage - transportation - use". Coordinate hydropower development and ecological protection and promote the integrated development of hydropower, wind power and photovoltaic. Actively and safely develop nuclear power in an orderly manner, and maintain a reasonable layout and a stable construction rhythm. By 2030, the consumption proportion of non-fossil energy will increase to about 25%.

大力发展非化石能源。加快西北风电光伏、西南水电、海上风电、沿海核电等清洁能源基地建设，积极发展分布式光伏、分散式风电，因地制宜开发生物质能、地热能、海洋能等新能源，推进氢能“制储输用”全链条发展。统筹水电开发和生态保护，推进水风光一体化开发。积极安全有序发展核电，保持合理布局和平稳建设节奏。到2030年，非化石能源消费比重提高到25%左右。

(8) Accelerating the building of a new power system. Strengthen the connection and coordination of clean energy bases, regulatory resources and power transmission channels in terms of scale capacity, spatial layout and construction rhythm, encourage the layout of natural gas peak shaving power stations in areas where gas sources can be implemented and gas prices can be borne, scientifically layout pumped storage, new energy storage and solar thermal power generation, and improve the safe operation and comprehensive regulation capacity of the power system. Build a smart grid, accelerate the construction of microgrids, virtual power plants and source-grid-load-storage integrated projects. Strengthen the demand side management of power. Deepen the reform of the power system and further improve the institutional mechanism that adapts to the new power system. By 2030, the installed capacity of pumped storage will exceed 120 million kilowatts.

加快构建新型电力系统。加强清洁能源基地、调节性资源和输电通道在规模能力、空间布局、建设节奏等方面的衔接协同，鼓励在气源可落实、气价可承受地区布局天然气调峰电站，科学布局抽水蓄能、新型储能、光热发电，提升电力系统安全运行和综合调节能力。建设智能电网，加快微电网、虚拟电厂、源网荷储一体化项目建设。加强电力需求侧管理。深化电力体制改革，进一步健全适应新型电力系统的体制机制。到2030年，抽水蓄能装机容量超过1.2亿千瓦。

V. Promoting the Green Transformation of Transportation (推进交通运输绿色转型)

(9) Optimizing the transportation structure. Build a green and efficient transportation system, improve the national railway, highway and waterway networks, promote the rational division of labor and effective connection of different transportation modes, and reduce the no-load rate and unreasonable passenger and freight turnover volume. Vigorously promote the development of "single bill system" and "single box system" of multimodal transport, accelerate the construction of special freight railways and high-grade inland waterway networks, promote the construction of railway special lines in major ports, large industrial and mining enterprises and logistics parks, increase the proportion of green collection and distribution, and continuously increase the proportion of railway and waterway transportation of bulk goods. Optimize the flight routes of civil aviation, and improve the electrification and intelligentization level of airport operation.

优化交通运输结构。构建绿色高效交通运输体系，完善国家铁路、公路、水运网络，推动不同运输方式合理分工、有效衔接，降低空载率和不合理客货运周转量。大力推进多式联运“一单制”、“一箱制”发展，加快货运专用铁路和内河高等级航道网建设，推进主要港口、大型工矿企业和物流园区铁路专用线建设，提高绿色集疏运比例，持续提高大宗货物的铁路、水路运输比重。优化民航航路航线，提升机场运行电动化智能化水平。

(10) Building green transportation infrastructure. Improve the greening and intelligentization level of newly-built stations, airports, docks and expressway facilities, promote the energy conservation, carbon reduction and transformation and upgrading of existing transportation infrastructure, build a number of low-carbon (near-zero carbon) stations, airports, docks and expressway service areas, and develop photovoltaic along expressways according to local conditions. Improve the infrastructure network of charging (battery swapping) stations, hydrogenation (alcohol) stations and shore power, and accelerate the construction of urban intelligent transportation management systems. Improve the urban-rural logistics distribution system and promote the green and intelligent transformation of distribution methods. Thoroughly implement the strategy of giving priority to the development of urban public transportation and improve the service level of public transportation. Strengthen the construction of urban slow-traffic systems such as sidewalks and bicycle lanes.

建设绿色交通基础设施。提升新建车站、机场、码头、高速公路设施绿色化智能化水平，推进既有交通基础设施节能降碳改造提升，建设一批低碳（近零碳）车站、机场、码头、高速公路服务区，因地制宜发展高速公路沿线光伏。完善充（换）电站、加氢（醇）站、岸电等基础设施网络，加快建设城市智慧交通管理系统。完善城乡物流配送体系，推动配送方式绿色智能转型。深入实施城市公共交通优先发展战略，提升公共交通服务水平。加强人行步道和自行车专用道等城市慢行系统建设。

(11) Promoting low-carbon transportation tools. Vigorously promote new energy vehicles and promote the electrification replacement of urban public service vehicles. Promote ships, aircraft, non-road mobile machinery and the like to adopt clean power, accelerate the elimination of old transportation tools, promote zero-emission freight transportation, strengthen the research and application of sustainable aviation fuels, and encourage the research and production and application of net-zero emission marine fuels. By 2030, the carbon emission intensity per unit conversion turnover of operating transportation vehicles will decrease by about 9.5% compared with that in 2020. By 2035, new energy vehicles will become the mainstream of new sales vehicles.

推广低碳交通运输工具。大力推广新能源汽车，推动城市公共服务车辆电动化替代。推动船舶、航空器、非道路移动机械等采用清洁动力，加快淘汰老旧运输工具，推进零排放货运，加强可持续航空燃料研发应用，鼓励净零排放船用燃料研发生产应用。到2030年，营运交通工具单位换算周转量碳排放强度比2020年下降9.5%左右。到2035年，新能源汽车成为新销售车辆的主流。

VI. Promoting the Green Transformation of Urban and Rural Construction and Development (推进城乡建设发展绿色转型)

(12) Implementing the green planning and construction methods. Fully implement the requirements of green transformation in all links of urban and rural planning, construction and governance. Advocate the concept of green and low-carbon planning and design, strictly observe the urban development boundary, control the excessive rapid growth of new construction land, protect and restore ecological spaces such as green spaces, waters and wetlands, and reasonably plan the concentrated areas of noise-sensitive buildings. Promote the construction of climate-adaptive cities and enhance the climate resilience of urban and rural areas. Promote green construction methods, give priority to the use of green building materials, and deepen the comprehensive treatment of dust pollution.

推行绿色规划建设方式。在城乡的规划、建设、治理各环节全面落实绿色转型要求。倡导绿色低碳规划设计理念，严守城镇开发边界，控制新增建设用地过快增长，保护和修复绿地、水域、湿地等生态空间，合理规划噪声敏感建筑物集中区域。推进气候适应型城市建设，增强城乡气候韧性。推广绿色建造方式，优先选用绿色建材，深化扬尘污染综合治理。

(13) Vigorously developing green and low-carbon buildings. Establish a building energy efficiency rating system. Increase the proportion of star-rated green buildings in new buildings and promote the large-scale development of ultra-low energy consumption buildings. Accelerate the energy conservation, water saving and carbon reduction transformation of existing buildings and municipal infrastructure, and popularize advanced and efficient lighting, air conditioners, elevators and other equipment. Optimize the energy structure of buildings, promote the integrated construction of building photovoltaic, promote the application of "photovoltaic-storage-direct-current-flexibility" technology, and develop clean and low-carbon heating.

　　大力发展绿色低碳建筑。建立建筑能效等级制度。提升新建建筑中星级绿色建筑比例，推动超低能耗建筑规模化发展。加快既有建筑和市政基础设施节能节水降碳改造，推广先进高效照明、空调、电梯等设备。优化建筑用能结构，推进建筑光伏一体化建设，推动“光储直柔”技术应用，发展清洁低碳供暖。

(14) Promoting the green development of agriculture and rural areas. Implement actions of emission reduction and carbon sequestration in agriculture and rural areas, optimize the planting and breeding structure, popularize excellent crop and livestock and poultry varieties and green and efficient planting and breeding technologies, and promote the reduction of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and other agricultural inputs to increase efficiency. Establish and improve the collection, utilization and treatment system of agricultural wastes such as straw, agricultural film, pesticide packaging waste and livestock and poultry manure, and strengthen the control of straw burning. Deepen the improvement of rural living environment, and cultivate new industries and new forms of business of green development in rural areas. Develop renewable energy sources according to local conditions and orderly promote clean heating in rural areas.

推动农业农村绿色发展。实施农业农村减排固碳行动，优化种养结构，推广优良作物畜禽品种和绿色高效栽培养殖技术，推进化肥、农药等农业投入品减量增效。建立健全秸秆、农膜、农药包装废弃物、畜禽粪污等农业废弃物收集利用处理体系，加强秸秆禁烧管控。深入推进农村人居环境整治提升，培育乡村绿色发展新产业新业态。因地制宜开发利用可再生能源，有序推进农村地区清洁取暖。

VII. Implementing the Strategy of Comprehensive Conservation (实施全面节约战略)

（15）Vigorously promote energy conservation, carbon reduction and efficiency enhancement. Carry out energy conservation work at a high level and with high quality, promote energy conservation and carbon reduction transformation in key industries, and accelerate the renewal and upgrading of equipment and products. Build a carbon emission statistics and accounting system, strengthen energy conservation review of fixed asset investment projects, explore the implementation of project carbon emission assessment, and strictly control energy consumption and carbon emissions of new projects. Promote enterprises to establish and improve energy conservation and carbon reduction management mechanisms, promote the "diagnosis + transformation" model of energy conservation and carbon reduction, and strengthen energy conservation supervision.

大力推进节能降碳增效。高水平、高质量抓好节能工作，推动重点行业节能降碳改造，加快设备产品更新换代升级。构建碳排放统计核算体系，加强固定资产投资项目节能审查，探索开展项目碳排放评价，严把新上项目能耗和碳排放关。推动企业建立健全节能降碳管理机制，推广节能降碳“诊断+改造”模式，强化节能监察。

(16) Strengthen the efficient use of resources through conservation and intensification. Improve the total resource management and comprehensive conservation system, and strengthen the whole-process management and full-chain conservation of various resources such as water, grain, land and minerals. Implement the rigid restraint system for water resources, develop water-saving industries, strengthen the utilization of unconventional water sources, and build a water-saving society. Implement the Anti-Food Waste Law, improve the long-term mechanism for grain and food conservation, and carry out grain conservation actions. Implement the strictest farmland protection system and the land conservation and intensive utilization system, promote land-saving technologies and models, optimize the development and utilization of existing land, and improve the utilization efficiency of sea area space. Strengthen the exploration, protection and rational development of mineral resources, improve mining efficiency, and strengthen the utilization of low-grade resources.

加强资源节约集约高效利用。完善资源总量管理和全面节约制度，加强水、粮食、土地、矿产等各类资源的全过程管理和全链条节约。落实水资源刚性约束制度，发展节水产业，加强非常规水源利用，建设节水型社会。落实反食品浪费法，健全粮食和食物节约长效机制，开展粮食节约行动。落实最严格的耕地保护制度和土地节约集约利用制度，推广节地技术和节地模式，优化存量土地开发利用，提升海域空间利用效率。加强矿产资源勘查、保护和合理开发，提高开采效率，加强低品位资源利用。

(17) Vigorously develop the circular economy. Deepen the action of promoting carbon reduction through the circular economy, promote the production model of resource circulation, vigorously develop the resource recycling industry, promote the high-quality development of the remanufacturing industry, improve the quality of recycled materials and products, and expand the scale of substitution for primary resources. Promote household waste sorting and improve the resource utilization rate. Improve the waste recycling system, strengthen waste classification disposal and recycling capabilities, and improve the large-scale, standardized and refined level of recycling. By 2030, the annual utilization of bulk solid waste will reach about 4.5 billion tons, and the main resource output rate will increase by about 45% compared with 2020.

大力发展循环经济。深入推进循环经济助力降碳行动，推广资源循环型生产模式，大力发展资源循环利用产业，推动再制造产业高质量发展，提高再生材料和产品质量，扩大对原生资源的替代规模。推进生活垃圾分类，提升资源化利用率。健全废弃物循环利用体系，强化废弃物分类处置和回收能力，提升再生利用规模化、规范化、精细化水平。到2030年，大宗固体废弃物年利用量达到45亿吨左右，主要资源产出率比2020年提高45%左右。

VIII. Promote the Green Transformation of Consumption Patterns (推动消费模式绿色转型)

(18) Promote green lifestyles. Vigorously advocate simple, moderate, green, low-carbon, civilized and healthy life concepts and consumption patterns, integrate green concepts and conservation requirements into social norms such as citizens' conventions, village regulations, student codes and group charters, and enhance the awareness of conservation, environmental protection and ecology among all people. Carry out green and low-carbon actions for all people, guide the public to save water and electricity, oppose extravagance and waste, promote the "Clear Your Plate Campaign", resist excessive packaging, reduce the use of disposable products, guide the public to give priority to green travel methods such as public transportation, walking and cycling, widely carry out patriotic health campaigns, and promote the solution of environmental problems around the masses such as noise, cooking fumes and foul odors, and form a social atmosphere that respects ecological civilization.

推广绿色生活方式。大力倡导简约适度、绿色低碳、文明健康的生活理念和消费方式，将绿色理念和节约要求融入市民公约、村规民约、学生守则、团体章程等社会规范，增强全民节约意识、环保意识、生态意识。开展绿色低碳全民行动，引导公众节约用水用电、反对铺张浪费、推广“光盘行动”、抵制过度包装、减少一次性用品使用，引导公众优先选择公共交通、步行、自行车等绿色出行方式，广泛开展爱国卫生运动，推动解决噪声、油烟、恶臭等群众身边的环境问题，形成崇尚生态文明的社会氛围。

（19）Increase the supply of green products. Guide enterprises to carry out green design, select green materials, implement green manufacturing, adopt green packaging, carry out green transportation and recycle resources to reduce energy and resource consumption and ecological and environmental impacts throughout the product life cycle. Establish and improve standards and norms for green product design, procurement and manufacturing, strengthen the construction of green product certification and labeling systems, improve energy efficiency and water efficiency labeling systems, and establish product carbon footprint management systems and product carbon labeling certification systems. Strengthen the management of green product and service certifications, improve the supervision mechanism of certification institutions, and cultivate green certification institutions with international influence.

加大绿色产品供给。引导企业开展绿色设计、选择绿色材料、推行绿色制造、采用绿色包装、开展绿色运输、回收利用资源，降低产品全生命周期能源资源消耗和生态环境影响。建立健全绿色产品设计、采购、制造标准规范，加强绿色产品认证与标识体系建设，完善能效、水效标识制度，建立产品碳足迹管理体系和产品碳标识认证制度。加强绿色产品和服务认证管理，完善认证机构监管机制，培育具有国际影响力的绿色认证机构。

(20) Actively expand green consumption. Improve the green consumption incentive mechanism. Optimize the government's green procurement policy, expand the scope and scale of green product procurement, and incorporate carbon footprint requirements into government procurement in due course. Guide enterprises to implement the green procurement guidelines, encourage qualified enterprises to establish green supply chains, and drive the coordinated transformation of upstream and downstream enterprises. Support qualified regions to encourage enterprises to adopt methods such as "trade-in" and guide consumers to purchase green products by distributing consumer vouchers and green points. Carry out activities to promote new energy vehicles and green smart home appliances, water-saving appliances, energy-saving stoves and green building materials in rural areas, and strengthen the construction of supporting facilities and after-sales service guarantees. Encourage users to expand green energy consumption.

积极扩大绿色消费。健全绿色消费激励机制。优化政府绿色采购政策，拓展绿色产品采购范围和规模，适时将碳足迹要求纳入政府采购。引导企业执行绿色采购指南，鼓励有条件的企业建立绿色供应链，带动上下游企业协同转型。支持有条件的地区通过发放消费券、绿色积分等途径，鼓励企业采取“以旧换新”等方式，引导消费者购买绿色产品。开展新能源汽车和绿色智能家电、节水器具、节能灶具、绿色建材下乡活动，加强配套设施建设和售后服务保障。鼓励用户扩大绿色能源消费。

IX. Give Full Play to the Supporting Role of Scientific and Technological Innovation (发挥科技创新支撑作用)

(21) Strengthen applied basic research. Establish a prediction, discovery, assessment and early warning mechanism for frontier leading technologies and disruptive technologies, moderately advance the layout of major national scientific research infrastructure, form a group of national key laboratories and national innovation platforms, implement a number of major national frontier science and technology projects, focus on strengthening applied basic research in the field of green and low-carbon, and stimulate disruptive technological innovation. Innovate the talent training model, optimize the disciplinary and professional settings of universities, and consolidate the intellectual foundation for green transformation.

强化应用基础研究。建立前沿引领技术、颠覆性技术的预测、发现、评估和预警机制，适度超前布局国家重大科研基础设施，组建一批全国重点实验室和国家创新平台，实施一批国家重大前沿科技项目，着力加强绿色低碳领域应用基础研究，激发颠覆性技术创新。创新人才培养模式，优化高校学科专业设置，夯实绿色转型智力基础。

（22）Accelerate the research and development of key technologies. Promote self-reliance and self-improvement of green and low-carbon science and technology, take green transformation-related technologies as an important support direction of relevant key special projects of the national key research and development plan, focus on energy green and low-carbon transformation, low-carbon and zero-carbon process reengineering, new power systems, carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage, resource conservation and intensive and circular utilization, and new pollutant control, and comprehensively strengthen the research on key core technologies. Strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation, support leading enterprises to lead the formation of research consortia for key core technologies, increase the funding for green and low-carbon technology research and development of small and medium-sized enterprises, and encourage enterprises of all ownerships to participate in relevant national science and technology plans.

加快关键技术研发。推进绿色低碳科技自立自强，将绿色转型相关技术作为国家重点研发计划相关重点专项的重要支持方向，聚焦能源绿色低碳转型、低碳零碳工艺流程再造、新型电力系统、二氧化碳捕集利用与封存、资源节约集约与循环利用、新污染物治理等领域，统筹强化关键核心技术攻关。强化企业科技创新主体地位，支持龙头企业牵头组建关键核心技术攻关联合体，加大对中小企业绿色低碳技术研发的资助力度，鼓励各类所有制企业参与相关国家科技计划。

(23) Carry out innovation demonstration and promotion. Give full play to the key leading role of innovation in green transformation. Carry out multi-level pilots and promote the coordinated synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction in key areas such as industry, energy, transportation, urban and rural construction and agriculture. Implement demonstration projects of green and low-carbon advanced technologies, accelerate the demonstration, application and promotion of advanced and applicable technologies. Improve the evaluation and trading system of green and low-carbon technologies and scientific and technological innovation service platforms, explore business models conducive to the development of new green and low-carbon industries and new business forms, strengthen the creation, protection and application of intellectual property rights of green and low-carbon technologies, and stimulate the innovation vitality of the whole society.

开展创新示范推广。发挥创新对绿色转型的关键引领作用。开展多层次试点，推进工业、能源、交通运输、城乡建设、农业等重点领域减污降碳协同增效。实施绿色低碳先进技术示范工程，加快先进适用技术示范应用和推广。完善绿色低碳技术评估、交易体系和科技创新服务平台，探索有利于绿色低碳新产业新业态发展的商业模式，加强绿色低碳技术知识产权创造、保护、运用，激发全社会创新活力。

X. Improve the Policy System for Green Transformation (完善绿色转型政策体系)

(24) Improve fiscal and tax policies for green transformation. Actively build a fiscal and tax policy system conducive to promoting green and low-carbon development and efficient resource utilization, and support work in areas such as the construction of a new energy system, the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, green and low-carbon scientific and technological innovation, energy and resource conservation and intensive utilization, and the promotion of green and low-carbon lifestyles. Implement tax preferences for environmental protection, energy conservation and water conservation, comprehensive utilization of resources, new energy and clean energy vehicles and ships. Improve the green tax system, fully implement the reform of water resource fees to taxes, improve the collection system of environmental protection tax, and study and support tax policies related to carbon emission reduction.

健全绿色转型财税政策。积极构建有利于促进绿色低碳发展和资源高效利用的财税政策体系，支持新型能源体系建设、传统行业改造升级、绿色低碳科技创新、能源资源节约集约利用和绿色低碳生活方式推广等领域工作。落实环境保护、节能节水、资源综合利用、新能源和清洁能源车船税收优惠。完善绿色税制，全面推行水资源费改税，完善环境保护税征收体系，研究支持碳减排相关税收政策。

（25）Enrich financial tools for green transformation. Extend the implementation period of carbon emission reduction support tools until the end of 2027. Research and formulate transition finance standards to provide reasonable and necessary financial support for the green and low-carbon transformation of traditional industries. Encourage banks to guide the green allocation of credit resources on the basis of reasonable risk assessment. Where conditions permit, local governments can support the development of green credit through government financing guarantee institutions. Encourage local governments to reduce the financing costs of green bonds through various methods. Actively develop financial tools such as green equity financing, green financial leasing and green trust, and orderly promote the innovation of carbon finance products and derivatives. Develop green insurance and explore the establishment of a differentiated insurance rate mechanism.

丰富绿色转型金融工具。延长碳减排支持工具实施年限至2027年年末。研究制定转型金融标准，为传统行业领域绿色低碳转型提供合理必要的金融支持。鼓励银行在合理评估风险基础上引导信贷资源绿色化配置，有条件的地方可通过政府性融资担保机构支持绿色信贷发展。鼓励地方政府通过多种方式降低绿色债券融资成本。积极发展绿色股权融资、绿色融资租赁、绿色信托等金融工具，有序推进碳金融产品和衍生工具创新。发展绿色保险，探索建立差别化保险费率机制。

（26）Optimize the investment mechanism for green transformation. Innovate and optimize the investment mechanism and encourage all kinds of capital to increase the investment proportion in the field of green and low-carbon. Central budget investment actively supports key projects in areas such as the demonstration of green and low-carbon advanced technologies, energy conservation and carbon reduction in key industries, efficient resource recycling and environmental infrastructure construction. Guide and standardize the participation of social capital in the investment, construction and operation of green and low-carbon projects, and encourage social capital to establish green and low-carbon industrial investment funds in a market-oriented manner. Support qualified new energy, ecological environmental protection and other green transformation-related projects to issue real estate investment trusts (REITs) in the field of infrastructure.

优化绿色转型投资机制。创新和优化投资机制，鼓励各类资本提升绿色低碳领域投资比例。中央预算内投资对绿色低碳先进技术示范、重点行业节能降碳、资源高效循环利用、环境基础设施建设等领域重点项目积极予以支持。引导和规范社会资本参与绿色低碳项目投资、建设、运营，鼓励社会资本以市场化方式设立绿色低碳产业投资基金。支持符合条件的新能源、生态环境保护等绿色转型相关项目发行基础设施领域不动产投资信托基金（REITs）。

(27) Improve the price policy for green transformation. Deepen the reform of electricity prices, improve the price mechanism that encourages flexible power sources to participate in system regulation, implement the capacity electricity price mechanism for coal-fired power, study and establish a sound price formation mechanism for new energy storage, improve the stepped electricity price system and time-of-use electricity price policy, and improve the stepped electricity price system for energy-intensive industries. Improve the stepped water price for residents, the progressive surcharge policy for non-resident water use and special water use beyond the quota, and promote the comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices. Support local governments to improve the charging model, promote the reform of the charging method for domestic waste treatment, and establish an incentive mechanism for urban domestic waste sorting and reduction.

善绿色转型价格政策。深化电力价格改革，完善鼓励灵活性电源参与系统调节的价格机制，实行煤电容量电价机制，研究建立健全新型储能价格形成机制，健全阶梯电价制度和分时电价政策，完善高耗能行业阶梯电价制度。完善居民阶梯水价、非居民用水及特种用水超定额累进加价政策，推进农业水价综合改革。支持地方完善收费模式，推进生活垃圾处理收费方式改革，建立城镇生活垃圾分类和减量激励机制。

（28）Improve the market-oriented mechanism for green transformation. Improve the market-oriented allocation system of resource and environmental factors, improve the trading system norms and supporting systems such as registration, transfer, transfer and mortgage, and explore financing tools based on resource and environmental rights and interests. Improve the horizontal ecological protection compensation mechanism and the value realization mechanism of ecological products. Promote the construction of the national carbon emission trading market and the voluntary emission reduction trading market of greenhouse gases, improve the laws and regulations, and expand the trading industry scope in a timely and orderly manner. Improve the trading system of green electricity certificates, and strengthen the policy synergy of market-oriented mechanisms such as green electricity, green certificates and carbon trading.

健全绿色转型市场化机制。健全资源环境要素市场化配置体系，完善交易制度规范及登记、出让、转让、抵押等配套制度，探索基于资源环境权益的融资工具。健全横向生态保护补偿机制，完善生态产品价值实现机制。推进全国碳排放权交易市场和温室气体自愿减排交易市场建设，健全法规制度，适时有序扩大交易行业范围。完善绿色电力证书交易制度，加强绿电、绿证、碳交易等市场化机制的政策协同。

(29) Build a green development standard system. Establish a standard system for carbon peak and carbon neutrality, promote the formulation and revision of basic general standards and standards related to carbon emission reduction and carbon removal, and formulate standards for enterprise carbon emissions and product carbon footprint accounting, reporting and verification. Accelerate the update and upgrade of energy conservation standards, improve the energy consumption limit requirements of key products, and expand the coverage of energy consumption limit standards. Improve the standard system for renewable energy and the standard system for industrial green and low-carbon, and establish and improve standards for hydrogen energy "production, storage, transportation and use".

构建绿色发展标准体系。建立碳达峰碳中和标准体系，推进基础通用标准及碳减排、碳清除相关标准制定修订，制定企业碳排放和产品碳足迹核算、报告、核查等标准。加快节能标准更新升级，提升重点产品能耗限额要求，扩大能耗限额标准覆盖范围。完善可再生能源标准体系和工业绿色低碳标准体系，建立健全氢能“制储输用”标准。

XI. Strengthen International Cooperation on Green Transformation (加强绿色转型国际合作)

(30) Participate in and lead the global green transformation process. Adhering to the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind, actively participate in the formulation of international rules in the fields of climate change response, marine pollution control, biodiversity protection and plastic pollution control, and promote the construction of a fair, reasonable, cooperative and win-win global environmental and climate governance system. Promote the implementation of the Global Development Initiative, strengthen South-South cooperation and cooperation with neighboring countries, and provide support to developing countries within our capacity.

参与引领全球绿色转型进程。秉持人类命运共同体理念，积极参与应对气候变化、海洋污染治理、生物多样性保护、塑料污染治理等领域国际规则制定，推动构建公平合理、合作共赢的全球环境气候治理体系。推动落实全球发展倡议，加强南南合作以及同周边国家合作，在力所能及范围内为发展中国家提供支持。

(31) Strengthen policy exchanges and practical cooperation. Expand multilateral and bilateral dialogue and cooperation channels, strengthen the construction of multilateral cooperation platforms in the field of green development, vigorously publicize the effectiveness of China's green transformation, and actively learn from international experience. Strengthen green investment and trade cooperation, promote the construction of the "Green Silk Road", deepen practical cooperation with relevant countries, improve the environmental sustainability of overseas projects, and encourage the import and export of green and low-carbon products. Strengthen green technology cooperation, encourage universities and research institutions to carry out academic exchanges with foreign parties, and actively participate in international major science projects. Strengthen international cooperation on green standards and conformity assessment, participate in the formulation and revision of relevant international standards, and promote convergence and mutual recognition of rules such as carbon footprint with major trading partners.

加强政策交流和务实合作。拓展多双边对话合作渠道，加强绿色发展领域的多边合作平台建设，大力宣传中国绿色转型成效，积极借鉴国际经验。加强绿色投资和贸易合作，推进“绿色丝绸之路”建设，深化与有关国家务实合作，提高境外项目环境可持续性，鼓励绿色低碳产品进出口。加强绿色技术合作，鼓励高校、科研机构与外方开展学术交流，积极参与国际大科学工程。加强绿色标准与合格评定国际合作，参与相关国际标准制定修订，推动与主要贸易伙伴在碳足迹等规则方面衔接互认。

XII. Organization and Implementation (组织实施)

(32) Adhere to and strengthen the overall leadership of the Party. Under the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, accelerate the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, and implement the Party's leadership throughout the entire process and all aspects of the work. All regions and departments should clarify the key tasks of green transformation in their regions and departments, and implement this opinion in light of actual conditions. All relevant units, people's organizations and social organizations should actively promote the green transformation work in their respective fields. The National Development and Reform Commission should strengthen overall coordination, work with relevant departments to establish a new mechanism for the comprehensive transformation from dual control of energy consumption to dual control of carbon emissions, formulate and implement a comprehensive evaluation and assessment system for carbon peak and carbon neutrality, conduct scientific assessment, and strengthen the application of assessment results. In case of important situations, report to the Party Central Committee and the State Council in accordance with procedures in a timely manner.

坚持和加强党的全面领导。在党中央集中统一领导下，加快推进经济社会发展全面绿色转型，把党的领导贯彻到工作的全过程和各方面。各地区各部门要明确本地区本部门绿色转型的重点任务，结合实际抓好本意见贯彻落实。各相关单位、人民团体、社会组织要积极推进本领域绿色转型工作。国家发展改革委要加强统筹协调，会同有关部门建立能耗双控向碳排放双控全面转型新机制，制定实施碳达峰碳中和综合评价考核制度，科学开展考核，加强评价考核结果应用。重要情况及时按程序向党中央、国务院请示报告。

(33) Strengthen legal guarantees. All relevant units should accelerate the formulation and revision of laws and regulations such as the Code of Ecological Environment, Energy Law, Energy Conservation Law, Electric Power Law, Coal Law, Renewable Energy Law and Circular Economy Promotion Law, and study and formulate special laws on climate change response and carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Implement the green principle of the Civil Code and guide civil subjects to save energy and resources and protect the ecological environment. Improve the connection mechanism between administrative law enforcement and criminal justice. Lawfully carry out litigation for compensation for ecological environment damage, public interest litigation in the fields of ecological environment and resource protection, and improve the compensation and restoration mechanism for ecological environment damage.

加强法治保障。各有关单位要加快推进生态环境法典和能源法、节约能源法、电力法、煤炭法、可再生能源法、循环经济促进法等法律法规制定修订工作，研究制定应对气候变化和碳达峰碳中和专项法律。落实民法典绿色原则，引导民事主体节约能源资源、保护生态环境。健全行政执法与刑事司法衔接机制。依法开展生态环境损害赔偿诉讼、生态环境和资源保护领域公益诉讼，完善生态环境损害赔偿和修复机制。